Variation of galactic bar length with amplitude and density as evidence for bar growth over a Hubble timeBruce G. ElmegreenDebra Meloy Elmegreenet al.2007Astrophysical Journal
Gravitational bar and spiral arm torques from K s-band observations and implications for the pattern speedsD.L. BlockR. Butaet al.2004Astronomical Journal
The gravitational torque of bars in optically unbarred and barred galaxiesD.L. BlockI. Puerariet al.2001Astronomy and Astrophysics