Bowen Zhou, Bing Xiang, et al.
SSST 2008
A portable Faraday cup design is described for the accurate measurement of large-diameter, low-current, and high-energy proton beams traveling in air. The unit has been tested with protons from 4 to 300 MeV. The unit has an accuracy of 10% for beams of 1 pA, improving to about 2% accuracy for ion currents of 20 pA to 1 μA.
Bowen Zhou, Bing Xiang, et al.
SSST 2008
J.P. Locquet, J. Perret, et al.
SPIE Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation 1998
Rafae Bhatti, Elisa Bertino, et al.
Communications of the ACM
Thomas M. Cover
IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory