New 2 × 2 matrix representation for twisted nematic liquid crystal displays at oblique incidence

A new 2 × 2 matrix representation for the twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) at oblique incidence was obtained. Compared with the previous representation developed by Lien [Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 (1990) 2767 and SID 91 Dig. (1991) 586], the optical transmissions calculated by this new 2 × 2 matrix method are much closer to those calculated by the 4 × 4 matrix method with spectrum averaging to account for the nonzero band-width of the incident light. The discrepancy between the last two is generally less than 1%. The simplicity and accuracy makes this new 2 × 2 matrix method very useful.