Label swapping routing with self-termination

In networks that use label swapping routing, like ATM, inconsistent routing tables, due to either incorrect setups or memory failures, may result in infinite looping of packets. This work proposes and analyzes a method for ensuring self-termination in such networks. The method is based on imposing linear order on the labels chosen by the stations along the route during connection set-up, and on a simple on-line check performed by every station upon taking routing decisions. The self-termination method along a simple route is then extended to routing over multicast trees.